Kaihanga Torque: Te Whakapau Kaha i Te Wā Katoa

Te Kaupapa Pūtaiao i Raro i Te Tika o Te Kaihanga Torque

Ko te tuku tika o te torque e tāpirihia ana ki ngā kanohi whai mōhio e whakaritea ana. Ko te tīwae ISO 6789 te whakarite i ngā tikanga ine me te whakamāhi i ngā taputapu e taea ana e ngā taputapu e taea ana. Ko tēnei te whakamaru i te hysteresis mekanikirana—kei hea te muku ake o roto ka hua ai ngā panonitanga korekau—na te here i ngā tikanga whakamātautau e āwhina ana i te tāone e hāpai ana i te tāone.

Te mārama ki ngā Kaupapa Inenga ISO 6789

Ko ISO 6789 e here ana i te whakamātau i ngā kaihōhō ki te 20%, 60%, me te 100% o te kaha ki te mātāpuna / ki te huihui. Ko te whakamōhiotia e herea ana te tika ki te ±4% mō ngā tauira mekanik (±1-2% mō ngā tauira matarohia) ki ngā wā katoa o te whakamātau. Ko te kaupapa e whawhai ana i te pōkai ake o te pāpaku mā te whakamātau i te hokinga ki te tīmatanga, ka tūtohu anō i ngā mōwehenga maha.

Te Whakawhitinga Huihuinga rānei vs Ngā Pūnaha Tōke Matarohia

Ko ngā kaihōhō pātata ka whakamahi i ngā papaku whakaritea e āhua huna ana ki te rere o te wera—kei hea te rere o te wera e whakarereke i ngā āhuatanga o te pāpaku toro. I te wā kotahi, ka whakamahi ngā pūnaha matarohia i ngā taputapu kauta me ngā rorohiko iti e whakapai ai i ngā taurangi taiao. Ahakoa ngā tauira matarohia e inea ana i te ±1% tōke tēnei i te ±4% mo ngā tauira mekanik, me whakamahi kia rite ki te whakamātau i ngā tātai e mōhiotia ana.

Ngā Rohe Tōke ki te Tōke Tātai

Ko ngā rohe tōke o te tāone e rerekē ana ki te nuinga o te take:

• Te hui orite: ±5%
• Hanganga / motukā: ±3%
• Wheua rānei / hauora: ±1%

Ko te whakahaere i ēnei whakaaetanga e herea ai ngā mōmira o ngā tōpiko. Kua whakaaturia e ngā whakawhitinga ko te whakauru tahi te āhua o te mōmira o ngā kaihanga e 34% ina manawawhenua ki ngā tauwhāinga tukatuka.

Kia pēhea te roa i roto i te taua kia whakaurua ai ngā kaihōhō toka?

Ngā tohutohu a te kaihanga tēnei i ngā tikanga whakamahinga

Ko te tikanga e tohu ana te kaihanga ko te mātātika me whakaurua te wāhi kia 12 marama te roa, te 5,000 nga pūnga - ko tētahi o ērā e tuanui mai ana. Engari ko ngā tikanga o te ao tūmatanui - pērā i te whakamahinga haukaha rānei, te āhua rānei o te wāhi - e hāngai ai te wareware. Kua whakaatu ngā raraunga mai i te ao tūmatanui ko te tika e iti iho ana kia 30% ngā wāhi e rereke ai te āhuarangi, te whakapāhunu hoki ki ngā kikorangi. Kaua e tino whai tikanga ki te rārangi wā, “whakarerekē i te wā tata ki te rahi o te mahi,” te kaiwhakamārama a Wetzel: Mēnā kei te whakamahia tētahi taputapu i ia rā i te huihuinga motuka, kia hiahiatia pea ngā tirohanga i ngā wā e toru marama; mēnā kei te whakamahia noa i ngā wā pōturi, kia taea hoki e 18 marama te roa.

Ngā whakamahinga Matua e Hiahiatia ai te Whakamātua i ngā 3 marama

Ko ngā tāone tūkino te hiahiatia kia whakarewa i ngā waatea o te whakarewa anō. Mō ngā whakaritenga ahi (AS9100) me te hinu / mātā (API 6A), kei te hiahiatia te whakamātua i ngā pito tōtika me te pūnaha totohu kia 90 ngā rā ia wā. Ko ngā wehenga i tēnei tūranga ka hua mai i ngā whakapāpaku whakahirahira ka tū ana i raro i te tātonga o ngā taputapu o ngā tāone takotoranga ko te take o te 17% o ngā rere o te hinu. Anō hoki, kei te hiahiatia e ngā taputapu hauora me ngā kaitirotiro ā-pū te āhua o te whakamātua. Ko ēnei kamupene e whakapono ana ki te whakamātua a ISO 17025 kia mōhio ai kia kaua e nui ake te utu o te $740k ia take.

5 Whakatūpato Whakatūpato o te Whakatūpato

• Ngā panonitanga kore-tata + -10% i runga i ngā whakamātau e whakaputua ana
• Kāore he kiriata whakapāpaku i ngā tauira kiriata
• Te whara tinana (ngā tohu pakanga, ngā kiriata kua pakaru)
• Ngā kaupapa i muri i te raru e pikinga ake ana i te 25% o te kaha whakaaetia
• Ngā rerekētanga o te rokiroki pērā i te rāhui rākai rānei te tōtika o te kaha

Kei te hiahiatia e ngā taputapu e whai ana i ēnei tohu te whakarerekē anō tūturu, kaua ko ngā wā e tāroa ana. Ko te tātari i te rerekētanga ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu hōu e 65% i ngā mahi tāone tika.

Ngā āhuatanga e āki ai ngā hiahia whakarerekētanga

Ngā pānga o te whakapai ahuarangi ki ngā papanga o te kaha

Ko te whakaputanga eke noa ki ngā rerekētanga o te wera e kaha ai te whakapai i te kaha o te kaha o te kaha o te rākau. Ko te whakapai kaha e hua ai te whakapai i te hanganga irirangi, e iti ake ai te kaha o te kaha i te 0.5% ia 100 ngāwe. Ko ngā toihau e kore nei e aroha ana ki te hau e whakapai ai i tēnei whakapai, ina ko ngā rerekētanga o te 10°C ia rā e hua ai te whakapai.

Te pānga o te rokiroki kore tika ki te tōtika o te kaha

Ko te whakakaha i ngā tikanga kēpā e whakaputangia ai ngā hapa e rua: ko te wehenga o te tauwhitinga mai i te hinga, me te pakaru o te mātāpuna i ngā tikanga hūnuku. Ko ngā kōripa kua tohua ki te tōke kīato rawa he whiriwhiri ai i te kaha o te kōhukutia, i te wā e pakaru ai te kōripa ki te tūpono kia tū tonu ai te kaha o te mātāpuna. Ko te hūnuku nui ake i te 60% e pāngia ai ngā wāhanga o roto, e whai ai i te rereketanga o te mātāpuna.

Te Tāvikotanga me te Kōripa Irirangi

Ko te nuinga i te kaha e ono nei te kaha e whakapōuri ai i te tikanga cam-and-pawl ki ngā kōripa irirangi. Ko te tōke e rongoa ana e kōaroa te kaha o te kōhono engari i muri mai o ngā takotoranga tāvikotanga - he hapa e kore e kitea kia kāore he taputapu whakarite. Ko ngā rangahau e whakaatu mai ana ko te tāvikotanga kotahi o te 25% e whakaputangia ai te rereketanga o te tōke ± 8%, e ōrite ana ki te 8 marama o te whakamahinga tūhono.

Ngā Hua o ngā Taputapu Tōke Kāore i te Whakarite

Nga Pini Tōke Iti Ki Ngā Whakamahinga Tōtika

Ko te kaha o te pito he raru nui ki ngā whakamahinga hanganga. Ko ngā hononga hōu i ngā kōhanga, i ngā whare, i ngā tūmau hauropi hoki e herea ana ki te kaha whakakaha tika hei neke i ngā kāhe tūturu. Ko ngā pito kāore i te kaha e whakamaua ana ka whakamaua kia māmā te kaha o te kaha, ka tere ake te ngoikera, ka wehe katoa te tōpiko.

Te Whara Kaha Kaha ki ngā Kaha Kaha Wāhanga Rererangi

Ko ngā wāhanga rererangi e āpiti ana ki te kaha o te kaha o te kaha. Ko ngā kaha o te kaha o te kaha e whakapīroiroi ana i ngā paparua kōhono o te tinana rererangi, e whakaputua ana i ngā taonga kiriata ki roto i ngā inu, ā, e tiwhiru ana i ngā ahuatanga kaha o te kaha ki ngā raupapa turuturu. Ko ngā tikanga tiaki i ngā inu rererangi e here ana i te tika o te mitamano—tāpirihia te 10% te nui ake o te kaha e whakamāmā ai i te kaha o te paraihe nikirīni.

Ngā Tāngata Whakamātau a NIST

Whakapumautia ana e ngā raraunga a te National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ngā āhua whakapāhunu ki te whakamātau kore. I kitea e tā rātou tātaritanga irirangi maha tau ko ngā kī torehuruhuru kāore i te whakamātau i āwhina i te 63% o ngā whakapōkai pāpaku e hāngai ana ki ngā tapa. Ko ngā taputapu matua i te rate whakapōkai 27% te rahi ake ina haukotia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā huringa whakamātau tātai.

Te Tikanga Whakamātau me ngā Tikanga Whakamana

Ngā Wheronga Tohu ASME B107.14M-1994

Ko te tīwhenenga American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) B107.14M-1994 e whakaae ana i ngā tikanga tāparo mō ngā taputapu torque. Me whakamātua tēnei tohu ki te rima ngā torque pū wāhi ki te rohe ine o te taputapu, me ngā tātai here e noho ana i waenganui i te ±3-4%.

Ngā Tīwhenenga Arorangi ki ngā Rūnanga ISO 17025

Ko te whakaaetanga ki raro i te ISO 17025 ka whakaponoa ai ngā whare wananga whirwiri i te tōtika inaianei ki te Pūnaha Rautaki o ngā Tiriti (SI). Whakamahia ana e ngā whare wananga nei ngā tikanga tohu me ngā ōwea e 4:1 ki te tapa o ngā taputapu neke atu i te kaha o te whirwiri, kua whakamanaia hoki ki te whakamātau mā te whakamātau tohu a NIST.

Ngā Tautohetohe Tuhituhi mō ngā Āki Tauwhitinga

Me whai kaupeka whirwiri matua te kaha o ngā tuhinga, e whai ana i te tāutanga taputapu, ngā raraunga i mua/i muri i te whirwiri, ngā tikanga taiao, me ngā whakapaparorotanga o te kaiwhakamahi. Ko te tikanga o ngā tātari whakahaere e rite ana ki te rārangi o ngā raraunga e 5 tau me te urupare tūmatanui i te wā o te āki kounga.

Ngā Tautohetohe Whakaaetanga Mō Te Tinihanga

Ngā Tikanga API 6A ki ngā Taputapu Waihōhia

Ko ngā mahi rereke pōpō hia kia whakaaetia te tika o te kaha ki raro i ngā tikanga API 6A mō ngā taputapu pāpaku. Ko ngā tikanga nei e whakaaetia ana te āwherenga ±3% mō te kaha o ngā pito pāpaku ki ngā kōpiko tino pōpō.

Ngā Tikanga AS9100 mō te Whakatika Waka Rererangi

Ko ngā tānagahia Aerospace AS9100 e here ana i te whakamātua i ngā kaihōkai tāwhai kia kaua ngā wā e toru marama anō mō ngā huinga e herea ana e te rerenga. Me whakaaetia te tāwhai pūtau o te pūtau pūhiko kia roa ± 2.5% te here kia kaua ai ngā arii pakaru ki ngā kōhanga turubine.

Ngā Tikanga Whakakaha i te Whakaaetanga o te Tika

Te Whakamāmā i te Spring i waenganui i ngā Whakamahinga

I muri i ia whakamahinga, tautuha anō i ngā kaihōkai tāwhai ki te tautuhinga iti. Ko tēnei waahanga matua ka whakawātea i te kaha mai i te papaku spring, kia kaua ai te whakapapaku kaua.

Ngā Whakaritenga Rohe Hurihanga Hau

Ko te hau hāpōturi e hāpai ana i te pāpaku i ngā wāhanga tāwhai tika. Whakaputua ngā taputapu ki ngā wāhi e whakauru ai i te 40-50% hau hāpōturi kia kaua ai te whakapai aha.

Ngā Pātai Tāpiri

He aha i hiahiatia ai te whakamātua i ngā wā katoa mō ngā kaihōkai tāwhai?

Ko te whakamātua i ngā wā katoa e whakapono ai i te tika me te whirinakitanga o ngā kaihōkai tāwhai, kia kaua ai ngā pakaru mekameka me te whakapono i te haumāmātanga ki ngā whakamahinga matua.

He aha ngā tohu e whakaatu ana kei te hiahiatia te whakamātua anō i te kaihōkai tāwhai?

Ko ngā tohu he rerekētanga o ngā panonitanga, he kore o ngā kōrero whakakaha, he whara kaha, ngā kaupapa i muri i te nui ake i te kaha e whakaaetia ana, me ngā rerekētanga o te wāhi kia noho ai.

Pēhea e pāngia ai e te āhuarangi ngā kaihōhō pūmahara mekanikai?

Ko ngā rerekētanga o te āhuarangi e āwhina i te rere o te wera ki roto i ngā kaihōhō mekanikai, e pa ana ki te whai hua o ō rātou ratonga pini.

He aha ngā umanga e herea ana kia whakarerekētia anō h frequent te kaihōhō pūmahara?

Ngā umanga pāpaku pērā i te umanga waka hōu, hinu / kāora, me te whanaketanga taputapu hauora e herea ana kia whakarerekētia anō h frequent.